An antioxidant agent.PharmacodynamicsMexidol® is an inhibitor of free radical processes, membrane protector with antihypoxic, stress-protective, nootropic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic action. The drug increases resistance of the body to the effects of various damaging factors (shock, hypoxia and ischemia, disorders of cerebral circulation, intoxication with alcohol and antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)).The mechanism of action of Mexidol® is due to its antioxidant, antihypoxant and membrane-protective actions. It inhibits lipid peroxidation, increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, increases the lipid/protein ratio, reduces membrane viscosity and increases its fluidity. Mexidol® modulates the activity of membrane-bound enzymes (calcium independent phosphodiesterase, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase), receptor complexes (benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine), which increases their ability to bind to ligands, maintains structural and functional organization of biomembranes, transports neurotransmitters and improves synaptic transmission.Mexidol® increases the content of dopamine in the brain. It causes enhancement of compensatory activation of aerobic glycolysis and reduction of the degree of inhibition of oxidative processes in the Krebs cycle under hypoxia with increase of ATP and creatine phosphate content, activation of energy-synthesizing functions of mitochondria and stabilization of cell membranes.The drug improves metabolism and blood supply of the brain, improves microcirculation and blood rheology, reduces platelet aggregation. Stabilizes membrane structures of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets) in hemolysis. It has hypolipidemic effect, reduces the content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins.The anti-stressor effect is shown in normalization of post-stress behavior, somatovegetative disorders, restoration of sleep-wake cycles, disturbed learning and memory processes, decrease of dystrophic and morphological changes in different structures of the brain.Mexidol® has a pronounced anti-toxic effect during withdrawal syndrome. It eliminates neurological and neurotoxic manifestations of acute alcohol intoxication, restores disturbances of behavior, vegetative functions and is able to remove cognitive disorders caused by prolonged intake of ethanol and its withdrawal. Under the influence of Mexidol® the effects of tranquilizers, neuroleptics, antidepressants, hypnotics and anticonvulsants are increased, which allows reducing their dosages and side effects. Mexidol® improves functional state of ischemic myocardium. In conditions of coronary insufficiency it increases collateral blood supply of ischemic myocardium, promotes preservation of integrity of cardiomyocytes and maintenance of their functional activity. Effectively restores myocardial contractility in reversible cardiac dysfunction.PharmacokineticsAbsorptionIngestion of Mexidol at doses of 400-500 mg, the Cmax in plasma is 3.5-4.0 µg/mL and is reached within 0.45-0.5 h.DistributionThe drug is detected in plasma for 4 hours after IV/m administration. Average retention time of the drug in the body is 0.7-1.3 h.EliminationExtracted from the body with urine mainly in glucuron-conjugated form and in small amounts unchanged.
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